1) The Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, brought about significant changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transportation.

2) Kim Kardashian West is an American media personality, businesswoman, and socialite. She gained fame through reality television show "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" and has built a successful brand empire encompassing fashion, beauty, and other ventures.

3) A group of flamingos is called a "flamboyance."

4) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.